![]() When analyzed as a continuous variable, all exposures were standardized to a mean of zero and 1 SD first ( z score) and then we modeled the impact of a 1-SD increase in the explanatory variable to make direct comparisons of βs across exposures. To make the referent categories more comparable, we subdivided the category for WC (≤88 cm) and WHR (≤0.85 cm) into two equal groups, so that BMI, WC, and WHR all contained three groups. ![]() A cut point for WHR (>0.85 or ≤0.85 for women) was based on World Health Organization (WHO) abdominal obesity measurement guidelines ( 16). Note that I have a large amount of related data on. This information is either in the public domain or copyrighted by me or the University of Michigan, as far as I know. Some of the information is available elsewhere but may be difficult to obtain. BMI was categorized into the following categories: normal, 88 or ≤88 cm for women) was based on recommendations by the American Heart Association ( 15). This page lists information from a variety of sources that I have found to be useful. However, relatively little research has prospectively examined how the utility of anthropometric measures as predictors of developing diabetes might differ by race/ethnicity, particularly for postmenopausal women.ĭifferences in the distribution of demographic and behavioral characteristics were assessed across race/ethnicity groups, using χ 2 tests and ANOVA for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. This heterogeneity may lead to racial and ethnic differences in anthropometric measures as risk factors for diabetes, due to the importance of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the etiology of diabetes ( 6). For example, abdominal visceral adiposity has been reported to be significantly greater in white men and women compared with black men and women, and white women had significantly lower measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) than black women ( 4). Studies have reported heterogeneity of human body fat distribution across racial groups ( 4, 5). Body fat distribution changes according to menopausal status, with central obesity more pronounced in postmenopausal women ( 3). ![]() house vector illustration isolated on white background house cartoon house clip art. BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are common surrogate measures of adiposity in clinical and public health practice. football clipart black and white football clipart black and white. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
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